2205, UNS S32250, UNS S31803, W.Nr. 1.4462
2205 is the most widely used duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steel grade. It has high corrosion and erosion fatigue properties as well as lower thermal expansion and higher thermal conductivity than austenitic, the yield strength is about twice that of austenitic stainless steels. Duplex 2205 is particularly suitable for applications covering the -50ºF to +3000ºF temperature range. It is not generally suitable for use at temperatures above 300°C as it suffers from precipitation of brittle micro-constituents, nor below -50°C because of its ductile-to-brittle-transition.
| Material | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2205 | 0.30 max | 1.00 max | 2.00 max | 0.035 max | 0.03 max | 21.0-23.0 | 4.50-6.50 | 0.10-0.20 |
| Material | Tensile strength | Yield strength 0,2 | Elongation | Hardness HB30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2205 | 650-880 N/mm² | 450 N/mm² | 25% | 270HB |
Because of its high chromium(22%), molybdenum (3%) and nitrogen (0.18%) contents, duplex 2205 offers excellent general corrosion resistance and localised corrosion including intergranular, pitting and crevice corrosion. The grade is also resistant to chloride stress corrosion cracking at temperatures of up to about 150°C.
2205 stainless steel can be heated between 1870°F and 2010°F (1020°C and 1100°C), followed by cooling rapidly in water or air, ideally by water quenching. This treatment applies to both solution annealing and stress annealing. Stress relief treatments at any lower temperatures carry the risk of precipitation of detrimental intermetallic or nonmetallic phases.
When heating 2205 stainless steel, it is important to consider the heating rate, soaking time, cooling method and post-treatment, to ensure optimal performance and avoid potential issues. It is important to heated slowly and uniformly to minimize thermal stress and prevent distortion.
Duplex 2205 can undergo a pickling process to remove surface contaminants, scales, and oxides， achieving the corrosion resistance and aesthetics of the material. It is important to note that the component is thoroughly rinsed with water to remove any residual acid after pickling. This step is essential to neutralize the acid and prevent potential corrosion issues. Proper rinsing helps restore the passivity of the stainless steel surface.
Hot Forming：When hot forming is required, 2205 duplex stainless steel should be heated uniformly and worked in the range of 1750° to 2250°F, it is quite soft at these temperatures and is readily formed. Above 2250°F, 2205 stainless steel is subject to hot tearing. Below 1750°F, the austenite becomes substantially stronger than the ferrite and may cause cracking, a particular danger to “cold” edges.
Cold Forming: duplex 2205 is readily sheared and cold formed on equipment suited to working stainless steels. However, because of the high strength and rapid work hardening of 2205, forces substantially higher than those for austenitic steelsare required to cold form 2205. Also because of the high strength, a somewhat larger allowance must be made for springback.
2205 stainless steel is a difficult to machine stainless grade. The high strength, low sulfur limits, and the dual metallurgical phase increase energy required to cut and increase in tool wear. Care must be taken when assigning cutting conditions to 2205 and is more difficult then for machining austenitic stainless steels. With high-speed steel tooling, 2205 may be machined at the same feeds and speeds as type 316L. When carbide tooling is used, cutting speeds should be reduced by about 20% relative to the speeds for type 316L.
Weldable by all standard methods, but should not generally be welded without filler metal as this may result in excessive ferrite. The goal of welding duplex 2205 is that the weld metal and heat-affected zone retain the corrosion resistance, strength, and toughness of the base metal.
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